CrPC Section 91-105 vs BNSS Section 94-116

The BNSS's search and seizure framework represents the most comprehensive update since the CrPC was enacted — acknowledging that most evidence in modern crime exists in digital form. Three key additions: electronic production summons (applicable to cloud storage, email records, social media data); electronic device seizure protocols (prescribing how phones, laptops, and storage media should be handled to preserve digital evidence integrity); and mandatory video recording of searches (the most practically significant addition — every search in a serious case must be recorded on video, creating an incontrovertible record of what was found where and how the search was conducted). The video recording requirement addresses a persistent problem in Indian criminal justice: disputes about planted evidence during searches. With mandatory video recording, disputes about search procedure become resolvable by reviewing the footage rather than through contested witness testimony.