Legislative Transition

The Reform
Comparator.

Side-by-side transition guide for the 2024 Indian Legal Reform. Instant mapping from traditional IPC statutes to new BNS counterparts.

84 RESULTS

Mapping Repository

Comparative Index.

IPC 302 vs BNS 103: Murder & Mob Lynching — Complete Comparison (2024)

BNS 103(2) is a historic first — it codifies mob lynching as a specific capital offence targeting identity-based group murder (race, caste, community, religion), closing a major gap in the IPC.

IPC 420 vs BNS 318: Cheating & Fraud — Is 420 Now 318? (2024)

Decades of public familiarity with "420" as fraud shorthand must now shift to "BNS 318". The legal standard — deceit + dishonest inducement + delivery of property — is fully preserved, covering digital fraud, UPI scams, and online investment frauds.

IPC 304A vs BNS 106: Hit-and-Run & Death by Negligence — Punishment Tripled (2024)

India records 150,000+ road deaths annually — the highest in the world. BNS 106(2) directly targets the epidemic of drivers fleeing accident scenes by creating a separate Non-Bailable offence with double the punishment for fleeing vs staying.

IPC 376 vs BNS 64: Rape Punishment — Chapter V Priority & New Trial Rules (2024)

Structural priority by positioning rape law at the front of the code, combined with a new mandate for trial by woman magistrate/judge wherever possible — a procedural shift responding to documented reluctance of victims before male judges.

IPC 498A vs BNS 85: Matrimonial Cruelty — Definition Split & Mental Health Addition (2024)

Separation of offence and definition (85 + 86) improves legal clarity. The explicit mental health inclusion in BNS 86(a) means persistent psychological torture, gaslighting, and emotional abuse now have a clearer statutory basis — not just case law.

BNS Section 111: Organised Crime — India's First National Gang Law (2024)

Criminalises syndicate membership itself, not just individual acts. Applies nationally — closing the cross-state jurisdictional gap that allowed organised crime networks to exploit state boundaries. Death penalty if the organised crime results in death.

BNS Section 113: Terrorist Act — First Time in India's General Penal Code (2024)

Terrorism is now in the mainstream criminal code alongside murder and organised crime — giving local police forces, magistrates, and Sessions Courts a direct legal framework rather than exclusive reliance on UAPA's specialised machinery.

NEW

IPC Section

BNS Section

BNS Section 69: Sex by False Promise of Marriage — New Law Explained (2024)

Resolves decades of judicial inconsistency where courts disagreed on whether false-promise-of-marriage cases were rape (IPC 376) or not. BNS 69 provides a proportionate middle ground: up to 10 years imprisonment, distinct from rape but equally serious.

IPC 299 vs BNS 100: Culpable Homicide Definition in BNS 2024

Maintains the classic distinction between murder and culpable homicide.

IPC 300 vs BNS 101: Legal Definition of Murder in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

Preserves the complex legal criteria that distinguish murder from other forms of homicide.

IPC 304 vs BNS 105: Punishment for Culpable Homicide in New Law

Maintains the two-tier punishment system based on the degree of intent (Part I and Part II).

IPC 323 vs BNS 115: Punishment for Simple Hurt in BNS 2024

Stricter financial deterrent for minor physical assaults.

IPC 325 vs BNS 117: Grievous Hurt & Updated Duration Rule under New Law

Refinement of the duration threshold for identifying serious injuries.

IPC 326A vs BNS 124: Acid Attack Punishment under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

Continues the mandatory minimum 10-year sentence for use of corrosive substances.

IPC 363 vs BNS 140: Kidnapping Laws & Punishment in New Law (BNS)

Maintains the legal framework for crimes against personal liberty and guardianship.

IPC 362 vs BNS 138: Abduction Definition and Elements in BNS 2024

Continues to distinguish abduction (often an auxiliary crime) from kidnapping.

IPC 379 vs BNS 303: Theft — Community Service for First-Time Offenders & Stricter Repeat Rules (2024)

India's first reformative justice provision in the general penal code for adults. Petty first-time theft shifts from jail to community service; professional thieves face a mandatory minimum. This reflects global evidence that short prison terms for minor property crime cause more harm than community-based sentences.

IPC 379A vs BNS 304: Chain Snatching — New National Snatching Offence (BNS 2024)

Standardisation of harsh penalties for chain-snatching and grab-and-run crimes across India. Non-Bailable status gives police stronger arrest powers than for ordinary theft.

IPC 406 vs BNS 316: Criminal Breach of Trust in BNS 2024

Legal terminology for consultants, agents, and trustees shifts to Section 316.

IPC 403 vs BNS 314: Dishonest Misappropriation of Property in BNS

Legal continuity for cases involving found property or misappropriation without initial theft.

IPC 392 vs BNS 309: Robbery Laws and Highway Robbery in BNS 2024

Consistent enforcement of severe penalties for violent street crimes and highway robberies.

IPC 384 vs BNS 308: Extortion Punishment Increased in New Criminal Law

Legal deterrents double as the maximum term rises from 3 years to 7 years.

Dacoity: IPC 395 vs BNS 310

Ensures the legal definition of organised group robbery remains intact with severe penalties.

Sedition vs National Security: IPC 124A vs BNS 152 — Complete Comparison (2024)

The word Sedition is completely removed from Indian law. Minimum alternative jail term increased from 3 to 7 years. Focus shifts from government disaffection to concrete threats to national sovereignty.

Public Order: IPC 147 vs BNS 191 — Unlawful Assembly & Rioting

Continuity in the legal framework for policing public gatherings and riots.

Vicarious Liability in Mob Violence: IPC 149 vs BNS 190

Ensures every member of an unlawful assembly is held responsible for crimes committed by the group.

Waging War against the State: IPC 121 vs BNS 147

Legal continuity for national security prosecutions involving armed rebellion.

Hate Speech & Harmony: IPC 153A vs BNS 196

Continued focus on curbing hate speech and divisive communal rhetoric.

Affray: IPC 160 vs BNS 204 — 50x Fine Increase

A massive 50-fold increase in the maximum fine for fighting in public.

Mischief: IPC 425 vs BNS 324 — Value-Based Tiered Punishment

More proportionate sentencing for property damage, moving away from static low-value thresholds of the IPC.

Criminal Trespass: IPC 441 vs BNS 329 — Stronger Penalties

Ten-fold increase in the potential fine for unauthorised entry with criminal intent.

House-Trespass (Aggravated): IPC 452 vs BNS 333

Maintains strong legal deterrents against home invasions and planned violent intrusions.

MODIFIED

IPC Section

BNS Section

Types of Punishments: IPC 53 vs BNS 4 — Community Service Added

Provides judges with reformative sentencing options for minor offences, reducing jail congestion and recidivism for first-time offenders.

DIRECT

IPC Section

BNS Section

Right of Private Defence: IPC 96-106 vs BNS 34-44

Legal continuity ensuring that victims of crime can protect themselves without fear of prosecution when using reasonable force.

DIRECT

IPC Section

BNS Section

General Exceptions I: IPC 76-81 vs BNS 14-19 — Mistake, Accident, Necessity

Maintains the requirement of criminal intent (Mens Rea) for an act to be punishable.

DIRECT

IPC Section

BNS Section

General Exceptions II: IPC 82-86 vs BNS 20-24 — Children, Insanity, Intoxication

Legal continuity for defences based on age or mental state.

Outraging Modesty: IPC 354 vs BNS 74 — Molestation Law India 2024

Legal continuity for physical molestation and harassment cases with identical penalties.

Sexual Harassment, Voyeurism & Stalking: IPC 354A-D vs BNS 75-78

Continued protection against non-physical harassment, stalking, and privacy violations.

IPC 304B vs BNS 80: Dowry Death — 7-Year Rule & Statutory Presumption (2024)

Legal continuity ensures that one of India's most powerful tools against dowry violence remains undiminished. The statutory presumption (accused must explain the death) continues to be the provision's most important feature.

Bigamy Laws: IPC 494 vs BNS 82 — Consolidation & Tiered Punishment

Simplified legal reporting for bigamy cases while maintaining identical punishment scales.

Offences against Children & Unborn: IPC vs BNS 88-94

Legal continuity for miscarriage, abandonment, and concealment cases.

Enticing a Married Woman: IPC 498 vs BNS 84

Continued legal protection against criminal interference in marital relationships.

Unlawful Assembly & Rioting: IPC 141-160 vs BNS 189-204

More efficient prosecution of group violence through consolidated sections and increased fines.

Hate Speech & National Integration: IPC 153A/153B vs BNS 196/197

Continued legal protection against inflammatory communal rhetoric and anti-constitutional assertions.

Offences against the State: IPC 121-125 vs BNS 147-151

Maintained maximum deterrence (Death Penalty) for acts that threaten the existence of the Republic.

False Evidence & Perjury: IPC 191-193 vs BNS 227/229

More streamlined legal definitions while keeping the core deterrence against misleading the judicial system.

Destroying Evidence: IPC 201 vs BNS 238

Ensures that helping a criminal evade justice by hiding their tracks remains a punishable offence.

Malicious Prosecution: IPC 211 vs BNS 248 — Fake FIR Law

Protects innocent citizens from being harassed with manufactured criminal cases.

Harbouring Offenders: IPC 212 vs BNS 249

Maintains the state's ability to punish those who help criminals hide from capture.

Resisting Lawful Apprehension: IPC 224/225 vs BNS 262/263

Reinforces the authority of detention and the penalties for challenging police/judicial custody.

Public Nuisance: IPC 268/290 vs BNS 270 — Fine Increased 25x

Significantly higher fines and jail terms for repeat offenders to curb public annoyances.

Spreading Infection: IPC 269/270 vs BNS 271/272

Maintains criminal accountability for health safety violations during pandemics or outbreaks.

Food Adulteration: IPC 272/273 vs BNS 273/274 — Fine Increased 5x

Stronger financial deterrent against the sale of harmful food and drink.

Rash Driving: IPC 279 vs BNS 281 — Fine Increased 10x to ₹10,000

A massive 10x increase in the fine for rash driving to improve road safety.

Public Obscenity: IPC 292/294 vs BNS 294/296

Continuation of standard public morality laws with identical thresholds.

Defiling Place of Worship: IPC 295 vs BNS 298

Continues protection against communal provocation through the desecration of holy sites.

Outraging Religious Feelings: IPC 295A vs BNS 299 — Digital Media Added

Expanded reach to cover modern digital provocation on social media and internet platforms.

Religious Assemblies and Burial Grounds: IPC 296/297 vs BNS 300/301

Maintains standard protections for collective prayer and the sanctity of funeral rites.

Wounding Religious Feelings: IPC 298 vs BNS 302 — CRITICAL: Not Murder

One of the most confusing renumberings in the BNS: IPC 302 (Murder) is now BNS 103, while BNS 302 is Wounding Religious Feelings. Every lawyer, student, and journalist must verify the Act when citing Section 302.

Defamation: IPC 499-500 vs BNS 356 — Community Service Alternative Added

Provides a more restorative justice approach for reputation-based offences while retaining criminal liability.

Criminal Intimidation: IPC 503-506 vs BNS 351

Standardisation of the threat-based offence into a unified BNS section.

Provoking Breach of Peace: IPC 504 vs BNS 352

Continuity in laws preventing public brawls and heated verbal altercations.

Insulting Modesty of Woman: IPC 509 vs BNS 79 — 3 Years Punishment

Stricter enforcement of dignity-based protections for women.

Public Mischief / Fake News: IPC 505 vs BNS 353

High impact on regulating social media misinformation and communal harmony.

Abetment: IPC 107 vs BNS 45

Continuity in the legal standard for accomplice liability.

Criminal Conspiracy: IPC 120A-B vs BNS 61

Conspiracy is moved to the General Provisions chapter for easier reference.

Criminal Attempt: IPC 511 vs BNS 62 — Half Punishment Rule

Clarifies liability for failed crimes under the new Sanhita.

Deceitful Marriage Cohabitation: IPC 493 vs BNS 81

Maintains strong legal action against those who trick women into cohabitation through fake marriages.

Fraudulent Marriage Ceremony: IPC 496 vs BNS 83

Continues the criminalisation of deceptive rituals used for fraudulent purposes.

Adultery Decriminalised: IPC 497 Removed — No BNS Equivalent

Full shift from criminal liability to civil remedy (divorce) for adultery, promoting gender equality.

Matrimonial Cruelty: IPC 498A vs BNS 85-86 — Definition Split & Mental Health Update

Strengthened protection for married women with explicitly defined mental and physical cruelty under BNS 86.

Protecting Victim Identity: IPC 228A vs BNS 72

Crucial for preventing victim-shaming and protecting the social reintegration of survivors.

Contempt & Court Decorum: IPC 228 vs BNS 264 — Fine Increased 5x

Reinforces the authority of the judiciary and the sanctity of judicial proceedings.

NEW

IPC Section

BNS Section

Sex by Deceit: BNS Section 69 — New Law Explained (2024)

Closes a major gap in Indian criminal law regarding consensual but deceit-based sexual relations.

IPC 307 vs BNS 109: Attempt to Murder — Complete Comparison (2024)

No substantive change in the law of attempted murder. The two-tier punishment structure — escalating from 10 years to life imprisonment when hurt is actually caused — is fully preserved under BNS 109.

IPC 306 vs BNS 108: Abetment of Suicide — Complete Comparison (2024)

BNS 108 preserves Section 306 intact. The major change is what BNS does NOT include — Section 309 (attempt to commit suicide) has no BNS equivalent, completing the decriminalisation begun by the Mental Healthcare Act 2017.

IPC 377 vs BNS: Unnatural Offences — Navtej Johar & Decriminalisation (2024)

A landmark constitutional transformation — India ended 158 years of criminal persecution of LGBTQ+ persons. The BNS's omission of Section 377 for consensual adult acts is a direct legislative endorsement of the Navtej Johar judgment. Non-consensual sexual acts continue to be criminal under the expanded BNS rape provisions (BNS 63/64).

IPC 375 vs BNS 63: Rape Definition — Expanded Scope & Marital Rape Exception (2024)

BNS 63 preserves the 2013 Criminal Law Amendment Act's expanded definition that transformed Indian rape law after the Nirbhaya case. The marital rape exception — the most contested aspect — remains, with its constitutional validity pending before the Supreme Court.

IPC 396 & 397 vs BNS 163 & 309: Dacoity with Murder & Armed Robbery (2024)

No change in the substantive law. The collective death penalty liability for dacoity with murder (every member of the gang faces death/life regardless of individual role) and the mandatory 7-year floor for armed robbery remain intact under the BNS.

IPC 360 & 361 vs BNS 87 & 88: Kidnapping from India & from Guardianship (2024)

No substantive change. The gender-specific age thresholds (boys under 16, girls under 18) and the principle that a minor's consent cannot legalise taking them from a guardian's custody are unchanged under BNS 87/88.

IPC 364 & 370 vs BNS 141 & 143: Kidnapping to Murder & Human Trafficking (2024)

BNS 143 significantly strengthens the anti-trafficking framework: trafficking of more than one person now attracts a minimum of 10 years; trafficking of a child (below 18) attracts a minimum of 10 years; and repeat offenders face life imprisonment. These enhancements directly respond to India's human trafficking crisis.

IPC 448 (House-Trespass), 463 & 467 (Forgery) vs BNS 331 & 178: Complete Comparison (2024)

BNS updates fines across trespass provisions. For forgery, BNS 178 consolidates the IPC's scattered forgery provisions (Sections 463–477A) into a restructured framework while preserving life imprisonment for the most serious forgery (valuable securities, wills).

IPC 109 vs BNS 48: Punishment for Abetment — Complete Comparison (2024)

No substantive change. BNS 48 continues the IPC's policy of equating the moral culpability of the criminal enabler with the executor — masterminds and financiers of crimes face identical punishment to those who physically commit the act.

IPC 489A-E vs BNS 178: Currency Note & Bank Note Counterfeiting (2024)

No substantive change — counterfeiting currency notes remains one of the most severely punished non-violent offences in Indian law (life imprisonment or 10 years). The BNS consolidates the currency counterfeiting provisions within its broader document forgery framework.

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Our data engine handles complex 1:MANY and MANY:1 mappings introduced by the 2024 reforms. Always accurate, updated in real-time.

511

IPC SECTIONS

358

BNS SECTIONS

The Reform Comparator.

Mapping Repository

Comparative Index.

IPC 302 vs BNS 103: Murder & Mob Lynching — Complete Comparison (2024)

IPC 420 vs BNS 318: Cheating & Fraud — Is 420 Now 318? (2024)

IPC 304A vs BNS 106: Hit-and-Run & Death by Negligence — Punishment Tripled (2024)

IPC 376 vs BNS 64: Rape Punishment — Chapter V Priority & New Trial Rules (2024)

IPC 498A vs BNS 85: Matrimonial Cruelty — Definition Split & Mental Health Addition (2024)

BNS Section 111: Organised Crime — India's First National Gang Law (2024)

BNS Section 113: Terrorist Act — First Time in India's General Penal Code (2024)

BNS Section 69: Sex by False Promise of Marriage — New Law Explained (2024)

IPC 299 vs BNS 100: Culpable Homicide Definition in BNS 2024

IPC 300 vs BNS 101: Legal Definition of Murder in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

IPC 304 vs BNS 105: Punishment for Culpable Homicide in New Law

IPC 323 vs BNS 115: Punishment for Simple Hurt in BNS 2024

IPC 325 vs BNS 117: Grievous Hurt & Updated Duration Rule under New Law

IPC 326A vs BNS 124: Acid Attack Punishment under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

IPC 363 vs BNS 140: Kidnapping Laws & Punishment in New Law (BNS)

IPC 362 vs BNS 138: Abduction Definition and Elements in BNS 2024

IPC 379 vs BNS 303: Theft — Community Service for First-Time Offenders & Stricter Repeat Rules (2024)

IPC 379A vs BNS 304: Chain Snatching — New National Snatching Offence (BNS 2024)

IPC 406 vs BNS 316: Criminal Breach of Trust in BNS 2024

IPC 403 vs BNS 314: Dishonest Misappropriation of Property in BNS

IPC 392 vs BNS 309: Robbery Laws and Highway Robbery in BNS 2024

IPC 384 vs BNS 308: Extortion Punishment Increased in New Criminal Law

Dacoity: IPC 395 vs BNS 310

Sedition vs National Security: IPC 124A vs BNS 152 — Complete Comparison (2024)

Public Order: IPC 147 vs BNS 191 — Unlawful Assembly & Rioting

Vicarious Liability in Mob Violence: IPC 149 vs BNS 190

Waging War against the State: IPC 121 vs BNS 147

Hate Speech & Harmony: IPC 153A vs BNS 196

Affray: IPC 160 vs BNS 204 — 50x Fine Increase

Mischief: IPC 425 vs BNS 324 — Value-Based Tiered Punishment

Criminal Trespass: IPC 441 vs BNS 329 — Stronger Penalties

House-Trespass (Aggravated): IPC 452 vs BNS 333

Types of Punishments: IPC 53 vs BNS 4 — Community Service Added

Right of Private Defence: IPC 96-106 vs BNS 34-44

General Exceptions I: IPC 76-81 vs BNS 14-19 — Mistake, Accident, Necessity

General Exceptions II: IPC 82-86 vs BNS 20-24 — Children, Insanity, Intoxication

Outraging Modesty: IPC 354 vs BNS 74 — Molestation Law India 2024

Sexual Harassment, Voyeurism & Stalking: IPC 354A-D vs BNS 75-78

IPC 304B vs BNS 80: Dowry Death — 7-Year Rule & Statutory Presumption (2024)

Bigamy Laws: IPC 494 vs BNS 82 — Consolidation & Tiered Punishment

Offences against Children & Unborn: IPC vs BNS 88-94

Enticing a Married Woman: IPC 498 vs BNS 84

Unlawful Assembly & Rioting: IPC 141-160 vs BNS 189-204

Hate Speech & National Integration: IPC 153A/153B vs BNS 196/197

Offences against the State: IPC 121-125 vs BNS 147-151

False Evidence & Perjury: IPC 191-193 vs BNS 227/229

Destroying Evidence: IPC 201 vs BNS 238

Malicious Prosecution: IPC 211 vs BNS 248 — Fake FIR Law

Harbouring Offenders: IPC 212 vs BNS 249

Resisting Lawful Apprehension: IPC 224/225 vs BNS 262/263

Public Nuisance: IPC 268/290 vs BNS 270 — Fine Increased 25x

Spreading Infection: IPC 269/270 vs BNS 271/272

Food Adulteration: IPC 272/273 vs BNS 273/274 — Fine Increased 5x

Rash Driving: IPC 279 vs BNS 281 — Fine Increased 10x to ₹10,000

Public Obscenity: IPC 292/294 vs BNS 294/296

Defiling Place of Worship: IPC 295 vs BNS 298

Outraging Religious Feelings: IPC 295A vs BNS 299 — Digital Media Added

Religious Assemblies and Burial Grounds: IPC 296/297 vs BNS 300/301

Wounding Religious Feelings: IPC 298 vs BNS 302 — CRITICAL: Not Murder

Defamation: IPC 499-500 vs BNS 356 — Community Service Alternative Added

Criminal Intimidation: IPC 503-506 vs BNS 351

Provoking Breach of Peace: IPC 504 vs BNS 352

Insulting Modesty of Woman: IPC 509 vs BNS 79 — 3 Years Punishment

Public Mischief / Fake News: IPC 505 vs BNS 353

Abetment: IPC 107 vs BNS 45

Criminal Conspiracy: IPC 120A-B vs BNS 61

Criminal Attempt: IPC 511 vs BNS 62 — Half Punishment Rule

Deceitful Marriage Cohabitation: IPC 493 vs BNS 81

Fraudulent Marriage Ceremony: IPC 496 vs BNS 83

Adultery Decriminalised: IPC 497 Removed — No BNS Equivalent

Matrimonial Cruelty: IPC 498A vs BNS 85-86 — Definition Split & Mental Health Update

Protecting Victim Identity: IPC 228A vs BNS 72

Contempt & Court Decorum: IPC 228 vs BNS 264 — Fine Increased 5x

Sex by Deceit: BNS Section 69 — New Law Explained (2024)

IPC 307 vs BNS 109: Attempt to Murder — Complete Comparison (2024)

IPC 306 vs BNS 108: Abetment of Suicide — Complete Comparison (2024)

IPC 377 vs BNS: Unnatural Offences — Navtej Johar & Decriminalisation (2024)

The Reform
Comparator.

Mapping the
Entire Legal Reform.