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Side-by-Side Comparison

383 vs 308

Punishment for extortion has been significantly increased in the transition to BNS 308 — from 3 years to 7 years.

What Changed?

IPC 384 provided up to 3 years imprisonment.

BNS 308(2) increases this to 7 years.

The definition of extortion remains structurally similar.

Verdict

"Legal deterrents double as the maximum term rises from 3 years to 7 years."

Detailed Analysis

OLD LAW (IPC)

383

Act of 1860

Extortion

Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security, or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits 'extortion'.
PunishmentSee Section 384
REFORM
NEW LAW (BNS)

308

Act of 2024

Extortion

Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security, or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits 'extortion'.
PunishmentUp to 3 years or Fine, or both (basic); Up to 10 years + Fine (causing fear of death or grievous hurt)
1860
383 Origin
2024
308 Reform

Legal Implications

Extortion is the act of forcing someone to deliver property through fear. While the IPC treated simple extortion with a 3-year term, the BNS recognises the increased threat of organised extortion and digital blackmail, more than doubling the potential jail time to 7 years.

Practical Scenarios

"A person threatening a witness to pay money to hide evidence (BNS 308 - up to 7 years)."

"Digital extortion involving threats to leak sensitive information (BNS 308)."

Expert Q&A

Is extortion now a more serious crime?

Yes, by increasing the punishment to 7 years, the BNS has elevated extortion to a more severe category compared to the IPC.

What are the aggravated forms of extortion?

Section 385 — putting in fear for extortion (2 years). Section 386 — extortion by death or grievous hurt threat (10 years). Section 387 — attempt at extortion by death threat (7 years). Section 388/389 — extortion by threat of accusation of capital offence (life imprisonment).

How is extortion (383/384) different from robbery (390/392)?

In extortion, the victim delivers property because of a threat — delivery may occur at a distance and the threat need not be of immediate violence. In robbery, force or the threat of INSTANT force is used in direct confrontation. Extortion includes threats to reputation; robbery requires physical force or immediate threat.

Is online blackmail/sextortion covered by Section 383/384?

Yes — Section 383 covers threats to 'injury to reputation.' Threatening to release intimate images unless paid constitutes extortion under Section 383/384. IT Act provisions also apply alongside.

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