Question 1

What happened to the exceptions in IPC 300?

Accepted Answer

They are all carried over to BNS 101 to ensure a seamless transition of the criminal justice process.

Question 2

What are the 5 exceptions to murder under Section 300/BNS 101?

Accepted Answer

1. Grave and sudden provocation. 2. Private defence exceeding limits. 3. Public servant exceeding powers in good faith. 4. Sudden fight without premeditation. 5. Consent of a consenting adult. These reduce murder to culpable homicide not amounting to murder (Section 304/BNS 105).

Question 3

What is the 'Virsa Singh clause' in Section 300/BNS 101?

Accepted Answer

The Third condition — where the accused intended to cause a specific bodily injury objectively sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. The accused need not have intended death; they only need to have intended the specific injury that killed (Virsa Singh v. State of Punjab, 1958).

Question 4

What is the difference between murder (300) and culpable homicide (304)?

Accepted Answer

Murder requires specific aggravating mental states listed in Section 300. If one of Section 300's five exceptions applies, the offence is reduced to culpable homicide not amounting to murder (Section 304). Murder carries death or life; Section 304 carries life or 10 years.

IPC 300 vs BNS 101: Legal Definition of Murder in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

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